X-ray, as a very few would know, is a shorthand for X-radiation, named so, by its discoverer Wilhelm Rontgen simply because of its unknown form of radiation. These rays can neither be seen with the naked eye nor can be felt.
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What is an X-Ray?
X-ray, as a very few would know, is a shorthand for X-radiation, named so, by its discoverer Wilhelm Rontgen simply because of its unknown form of radiation. These rays can neither be seen with the naked eye nor can be felt.
If observed carefully, X-Ray images show different parts of one’s body in different shades of black or white. This is because the amount of ray absorption varies from one part of our body to the other. Lungs, for example, will appear black in an X-Ray image as absorption of the radiation by air is the least.
On the other hand, bones, which possess higher calcium content absorb the rays comparatively a lot more, hence are visible in white. Other soft tissues and fat appear grey as ray absorption is less as compared to the bones.
Why is it done?
The most conversant reason for prescribing an X-Ray test is for checking broken bones. It usually is a quick painless procedure and a very effective way of looking at the bones. However, its application is not limited to just that.
Your doctor may prescribe you an X-Ray if you experience prolonged explainable pain in your body; as an X-Ray produces images of the affected organs, bones and tissues of the body. Also, a chest X-Ray may be used to detect pneumonia.
There are a variety of problems that can be detected with the help of an X-Ray. These include:
- Bone Fractures
- Tooth Complications, such as Loose Teeth and Dental Abscesses
- Scoliosis (Irregular Curving of the Spine)
- Cancerous & Non-Cancerous Bone Tumors
- Lung Problems, such as Pneumonia and Lung Cancer
- Dysphagia (Difficulty or Discomfort in Swallowing)
- Heart Conditions, such as Heart Failure
- Breast Cancer
How is it done?
An X-Ray test is mostly performed in the radiology department of a diagnostic center. How you are positioned during an X-Ray completely depends on the type of X-Ray being done.
However, you will usually be asked by your X-Ray technician to lie down on a table or stand front of the flat surface so that the part of your body which needs to be examined is positioned right. Then, the X-Ray technician will aim the tube-like X-Ray machine to the body part which needs to be examined.
While the test is being done, make sure you don’t move and stay still, as even the slight movement may cause to generate blurry images. At the time of X-Ray performed you may be asked to hold your breath for a second or two by your technician for faultless results.
What are the different types?
Posterior-Anterior (PA) Projection is a chest radiograph where the patient is required to stand up, with the X-Ray beam passing through the patient from Posterior(back) to Anterior(front).
In a chest radiograph, when rays pass from Anterior to Posterior it is called an Anterior-Posterior (AP) Projection.
Lateral Chest Projection is a part of the standard x-ray examination of the chest. Although a PA view is the backbone of a person’s lungs’ examination, it can provide a clear view of only about 80%. On the other hand, a lateral view clearly puts out the remaining areas which are useful in identifying lower-lobe lung diseases, pleural discharges, and anterior mediastinal masses.
Another type of radiography, Oblique Radiography, is a technique that uses a dental X-Ray set to bring out the extra-oral views of the jaw.
Skyline View of knee positioning is the radiographic view of the knee. It looks between the knee-cap and the thigh bone.
Waters’ View is the radiographic view of the skull, where the rays pass from behind the head and are vertical to the radiographic plate.
Standing View is the most common examination which takes place to detect Osteoarthritis.
How should I prepare for the procedure?
An X-Ray is a very relaxed procedure and usually does not need any intense precautions. However, before you head for your X-Ray appointment, make sure your body is clear of all jewelry, metallic pins, and buttons, as all these can interfere with the X-Ray field, giving out inaccurate results.
During a chest X-Ray, take a deep breath and hold it to inflate the lungs to their maximum capacity, ultimately increasing the visibility of various tissues.
If the X-Ray has been prescribed to check your intestines, your doctor may require you to fast or clear out your bowels before the test.
For all kinds of X-Rays, you must inform the doctor if you’re pregnant. Ideally, any kind of X-Ray should be avoided when pregnant, unless it’s an emergency.
Also, it is highly recommended to inform your doctor in case you have a history of metal implants.
What are the types of X-Ray Radiography?
There are two X-Ray systems available across labs – Digital Radiography and Analog Radiography. Where the most common and technologically advanced technique used is Direct Digital Radiography, Analog Radiography is used by very few labs and hospitals.
This mainly is because Direct Digital Radiography puts to use a digital image capture device instead of an X-Ray film. It is the kind of imaging where digital X-Ray devices are used instead of traditional films. Using this technique saves time as it bypasses chemical processing and aids in digitally transferring and enhancing images.
Another added benefit is the use of less radiation as compared to Analog Radiography and producing similar or even better images.
When we talk about Analog Radiography, we must know that this technique holds a risk of producing poor quality images, hence proving them to be useless.
Also, image archiving for this technique is labor intensive and at times inaccurate. Further, there is a lack of expert staff to interpret the images Analog Radiography produces. In India, now most of the labs house only Digital Radiography equipment for X-Rays.
What are the medicines induced in X-Rays?
Not very common, but a patient may be asked by the doctor to go for medicinal X-Rays. One of them can be Barium Swallow, which is an X-Ray imaging technique used to visualize the structure of the gastrointestinal tract. This is because our gut doesn’t show up very well in ordinary X-Ray pictures.
For this procedure, the patient has to swallow liquid barium which makes the outline of the upper parts of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine show up clearly in pictures.
Similar to Barium Swallow is the Barium Meal test. The only difference being, that a Barium Meal test takes X-Ray images of the stomach and the beginning of the duodenum. This test usually is performed straight after the Barium Swallow Test.
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) is an X-Ray which is performed by injecting a dye called contrast material into a vein in your arm. Through this technique, a technician takes X-Ray pictures of the kidneys, the bladder, ureters and the urethra. An IVP shows the size, shape & position of the urinary tract and evaluate the collecting systems in the kidneys.
If you have been prescribed a Retrograde Urethrogram (RGU) and Micturating Cystogram (MCU) by your doctor, it is to examine the reliability of the urethra. These tests aim to indicate the exact positioning of urethral narrowing and bladder shape irregularities, by injecting a dye through the urethra.
A Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is an important test for female fertility potential. It is again a radiology procedure wherein through the vagina and cervix, a contrast dye is injected into the uterine cavity. This, in turn, helps in checking if there is a blockage in the Fallopian Tubes or not, and whether it is at the intersection of the tube and uterus or at the other end.
What are the risks involved?
Very often patients are concerned about their exposure to radiation. However, it must be noted that it is only the part of the body that needs to be examined will be exposed to the radiation, and that too a very small amount of radiation.
Being exposed to X-Rays may carry the risk of causing cancer, but that risk is very low.
However, one must know that X-Rays are not good for a developing fetus. Be sure to inform your doctor if you’re pregnant or believe that you could be.
In case you are taking X-Rays where you need to be injected with a dye (usually iodine), you may encounter the following side effects:
- Metallic taste in the mouth
- Itching
- Nausea
- Light Headedness
- Hives
All said and done, an X-Ray is a very easy and safe procedure. If performed with proper care, risks and side effects associated with it are rare. However, before going for your appointment be sure to take the right precautions and inform the doctor in case you feel anything odd during the procedure.
Other topics you may be interested in:-
- X Ray Cost in Delhi
- X Ray Charges in Pune
- X Ray Cost in Mumbai
- X Ray Cost in Chennai
- X Ray Cost in Bangalore
- X Ray Cost in Hyderabad
- IVP X-Ray in India
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