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Detailed description on the above mentioned Dengue Blood Tests:

The tests for dengue try to identify the presence of antigen or antibodies or virus in line with immunological response of body.

• Dengue Test NS1 Antigen – It is done in the early stage of dengue viral infection. The NS1 Antigen test is done within the 8 days of infections. But the NS1 Antigen has its own limitations in accuracy.

• Dengue IgM – This is done after the symptoms of the dengue fever appear. It should be done within 14 days after the symptoms starts appearing. This is the most common test to detect the presence of Dengue-specific IgM antibodies. It remains around 60-90 days after the primary infection. This test requires caution because of the cross reactivity with other viruses such as West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, etc in that region.

• Dengue IgG – Dengue IgG is done to identify whether a patient is suffering from the primary or secondary infection. If the Dengue IGG test result is positive in the initial phase increasing the sensitivity more than 4 times within 7 days, then it is a secondary infection. If the result is negative in initial phase and positive later, then it is a primary infection.

• Dengue PCR – The Dengue PCR is considered most accurate and more expensive test. It helps to detect the Dengue virus type through detection of virus RNA. It is done within 5 to 7 days of infection.

Usually doctors tend to use Dengue NS1, IgM and IgG together to diagnose the infection due to the overlaps of the relevant time periods of these tests.

CBC (Complete Blood Count) Test or Platelet Count Test – The dengue fever results in the decrease in number of white blood cells and platelet count in the blood. So this changes the usual mix of blood in our body. CBC test monitors the platelet count in the blood.

What is Dengue?

Dengue is a deadly viral disease spreading rapidly worldwide. The female Aedes aegypti mosquito transmits the dengue by the bite. Due to the severe pain caused by the disease, it is referred as breakbone fever. If you suspect a dengue fever, it is advisable to get it checked immediately.

How Does it Impact our Body?

The dengue is caused by four types of causes. They are DV1, 2, 3 & 4. Our body generally develop immunity for specific dengue virus. But if the person suffers from Dengue again, the disease may develop rapidly. So precautionary measures should be taken to avoid any secondary infections.

Our body develop certain antibodies which acts as a defense system. The different types of antibodies are present in our body in small amount. These antibodies are capable to recognize certain king of foreign substance entering our body. The antigens and antibodies bind together to destroy these foreign substance from our system.

Dengue NS1 Antigen:  This virus enters our body and causes infections which lead to symptoms of dengue viral infection.

IgM Antibodies: Our immune system produce these antibodies to fight the dengue virus. Our blood contains these antibodies. They fight the virus which rise the intensity of viral infection. After a short time, these antibodies destroy the dengue virus in our system.

IgG Antibodies: Our immune system produce these antibodies almost at the end of the infection. This antibody ensures that there are no active virus and also prevent our body from future infections. These antibodies are small in size making them easy to move across the cell membranes.

IgG antibodies are produced along with IgM antibodies from the beginning in case of secondary infections.  This helps to fight the infection from the beginning and prevent it from developing further.

Types of Dengue

The Dengue fever is of three types. They are

1. Dengue Fever (DF)

The dengue fever usually lasts upto 7 days in older children and adults. The symptoms of dengue fever are

Symptoms of Dengue Fever (DF)

• Pain in the head and behind the eyes
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Hair loss
• Loss appetite
• Pain in the joints
• Bitterness in the mouth
• Rash on the hands and feet
• Fatigue

2. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

The Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an advanced dengue infection. The DHF is more likely seen in the person who gets affected by dengue again.  The symptoms of DHF are almost similar to dengue fever. But few other symptoms may be seen in case of DHF. They are:

Symptoms of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

• Bleeding in gums, nose and skin
• Low blood pressure
• Internal bleeding or blue or purple marks under the skin
• Shock-like illness or coma

These symptoms begins to appear after 2 to 5 days of dengue infection. The patient’s health will deteriorate rapidly that the person may die withing 12 to 24 hours. So it is advisable to act quick if you suffer from these symptoms.

3. Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

The Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) is also a severe condition of dengue fever. In case of DSS the patient my go in a shock. In case of the following symptoms it is important to get hospitalized.

Symptoms of Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

• Body and abdominal pain
• Feeling chillness
• Mental irritability
• Low blood pressure
• Weak pulse
• Blood vomiting
• Fluctuations in body temperature

The DSS may result in death within 24 hours. The platelets count start decreasing rapidly, making the condition of the patient worse.

The patients who have already suffered from dengue in the past will be easily affected by dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.

The serology (blood test) and polymer chain reaction (PCR) studies help to identify these disease. Only 5% of the total dengue cases result in DHF and DSS disease.

Prevention / Treatment of Dengue

The vaccine for dengue is not available in India. There are no medicines yet to treat the dengue viral infection. Some of the measures prescribed by the doctor to prevent dengue are:

• The water in coolers, pots, etc should be changed regularly
• Avoid stagnant water in the pits by pouring soil into it
• Sleep under mosquito net and wear clothes covering your entire body in night
• The utensils which is filled with water should be covered properly.
• Don’t let water accumulate around your house

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