Colonoscopy is a procedure that helps to assess the health of the large intestine or rectum with the help of a colonoscope (a medical instrument that is inserted into the openings of the lower part of the body).
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Why is a Colonoscopy Test performed?
A Colonoscopy test is performed to detect early colorectal cancer. It can also help identify several other colon conditions such as –
- Swollen or irritated tissues
- Ulcers
- Polyps
- Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBS).
Your doctor may prescribe a colonoscopy for multiple reasons which include –
- Bleeding from the anus
- Changes in bowel activity
- Stomach conditions like constipating or diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss/gain
What is the procedure of a Colonoscopy Test?
During a Colonoscopy test, the doctor inserts a colonoscope through the rectum and moves it to the advanced ends of the intestines. A colonoscope is a long and flexible medical device that allows the visual inspection of the colon and rectum. It has an attached camera and lit-up rays on the mouth that help capture images of inside the intestine.
The procedure involves inserting the device into the patient’s anus to look for cancerous lesions and polyps — growths on the inside surface of the colon that can turn into cancer. The device blows air into the intestine to expand the colon lining and helps the doctor get a clearer vision. If the doctor finds any abnormal growth or infection in the colon, then it is removed immediately or a sample tissue is taken to analyze the problem further.
How to prepare for a Colonoscopy Test?
Before a Colonoscopy test, it is necessary that the colon must be clean from all residue for proper evaluation. The patient should clean out the stomach (empty stomach) before the examination.
To clean out the stomach, the following things measures must be taken –
- Special diet before the Colonoscopy test
- Try to eat only low-fiber food starting a few days prior to the test.
- Avoid consumption of nuts, whole grains, and seeds.
- Do not consume any solid food a day before the test.
- Increase liquid intake in your diet.
- On the day of the test, only liquids are to be consumed.
- Do NOT eat or drink anything 2 hours prior to the test, or as recommended by the doctor.
- Laxatives
The doctor may recommend taking a laxative which could either be a pill or in liquid form, the night before the test or a few hours prior to the test. This helps to clean out all residue and empty the colon before the procedure.
- Adjust your medications
If you are taking any medication, discuss the same with the doctor beforehand. You may need to adjust your dosages or stop the medicine before the test.
- Medical conditions
If you have any medical condition like diabetes or blood pressure, the doctor must be informed about the same as well.
- Loose clothing
Make sure you try to wear loose and comfortable clothing without any embellishments.
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