Ultrasound Scan, known as USG or Sonography is an imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize the inner parts of the body. It is done to examine the pain, swelling or infections in the internal body parts.
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What is an ultrasound scan?
Ultrasound Scan, known as USG or Sonography is an imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize the inner parts of the body. It is done to examine the pain, swelling or infections in the internal body parts.
More commonly, it is used to check the status of the fetus during pregnancy. It gives the first image of an unborn child to her mother.
What are the different types of ultrasound scans?
The ultrasound scan can be broadly classified into four types depending upon the type of image produced. The choice of the USG test depends on the requirement of examination and availability of the equipment.
2D ultrasound
2D Ultrasound is the most common type of ultrasound scan. It creates a series of 2-dimensional cross-section images of the tissues. The images captured are black and white and have the same kind of details as a photographic negative. The type of ultrasound is more frequently used throughout the pregnancy period to check the fetus and look for birth defects.
3D ultrasound
3D ultrasound is scanning the tissue cross section-wise at different angles and reconstructing the data received into three-dimensional images. A common use of 3D ultrasound pictures is to closely examine for suspected fetal anomalies. 3D ultrasound results in more effective diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities.
4D ultrasound
By updating 3D ultrasound images in quick succession, 4D ultrasound pictures are created. Due to the addition of time as the fourth dimension, the picture looks very realistic.
Doppler ultrasound
Doppler ultrasound is a special type of ultrasound that emits high-frequency sound waves in order to see how the blood flows through a blood vessel, usually the ones that supply blood to arms and legs. It is mostly used in the following medical conditions
- Blood clots
- Defects in heart valves
- Bulging or narrowing of arteries
- Blockage in the artery
- Decreased blood circulation in legs
How is an ultrasound scan useful?
An ultrasound scan is an effective tool to examine almost every body part to detect and diagnose various conditions such as digestive problems, cysts, cancer, blockage in the blood vessels, abnormalities, and other medical disorders in the inner parts of the body. It is commonly done to examine the following parts of the body
- Uterus
- Abdomen
- Brain in Infants
- Bladder
- Kidney
- Liver
- Blood Vessels
- Eyes
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Spleen
- Thyroid
In addition to this, ultrasound is most commonly done at different stages of pregnancy to examine the health of the fetus.
What are the preparations required?
The preparations required for the USG test vary depending on the study and the part of the body to be examined. In the case of an abdominal ultrasound, you should fast for at least 8 hours before the scan as the food particles may block the sound waves and do not show a clear picture.
In the case of the bladder examination, the procedure requires a full bladder to get detailed information. So you should drink more water in order to fill the bladder and hold urine until the completion of the procedure.
It is advised to consult your doctor regarding the preparations for your ultrasound study before the scan.
How is an ultrasound scan performed?
Ultrasound is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to obtain images of internal organs. The sound waves will be sent into the body by a device called a transducer. It then collects the echoes that come back after hitting the organs and sends it to a special computer to process them into images.
The lab technician will ask you to change into a gown with the body part to be examined exposed. She will apply a lubricating gel on the body part to be examined to avoid any friction while rubbing the transducer against the skin. The images produced can be seen live on a computer screen.
In general, an ultrasound scan takes up to 30 minutes to complete the entire procedure.
Are there any risks in an ultrasound scan?
USG Scan is a non-invasive technique done to visualize the internal organs of the body. The sound waves which are sent into the body are harmless. There is no exposure to radiation and so it is a safe procedure to get a picture of the internal body parts. It is widely used in pregnancy to view the condition of the unborn child.
How long does it take to get the USG test reports?
The sonographer will analyze the images produced and prepare the reports. Normally, the reports will be available within 30 minutes to 2 hours.
An ultrasound scan can be used to study different body parts and medical conditions. Learn more about the most common ultrasound studies.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Ultrasound Scan