The Protein Electrophoresis test which is also called a serum protein electrophoresis test is done to detect specific kinds of protein in the body. It is done to detect and diagnose specific diseases. Proteins are made of chemicals called amino acids. Proteins are responsible to build the blocks of cells and tissues in our body.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Serum Protein Electrophoresis Test
What is the Serum Protein Electrophoresis Test?
Protein Electrophoresis test which is also called a serum protein electrophoresis test is done to detect specific kinds of protein in the body. It is done to detect and diagnose specific diseases. Proteins are made of chemicals called amino acids. Proteins are responsible to build the blocks of cells and tissues in our body.
It also forms the structural part of various organs and regulates the body’s functions by forming the enzymes. Proteins help to transport nutrients to different parts of our body. Our body contains two major types of proteins namely albumin and globulin.
These can be further divided into small categories namely albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin. The following are the functions of each type of protein.
Protein electrophoresis separates proteins based on the size and electrical charge. It helps to detect abnormal proteins and the absence of normal proteins. The abnormality in the patterns of proteins will help to diagnose a specific disease. Sometimes immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is used to detect abnormal bands and to know the type of antibody present in the blood.
When is the Serum Protein Electrophoresis Test Done?
Your doctor will ask you to take the protein electrophoresis test if you show any symptoms of a medical condition affecting proteins such as
- Loss in weight
- Fatigue
- Pain in back
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Excess thirst
- Pain in bones
- Multiple myeloma
It is also done as a follow-up test if the test results of total protein, albumin, calcium, etc are abnormal. It is done to monitor various medical conditions in the kidney, liver, and if you show symptoms of having cancerous cells in the body.
Is there any Preparation Required for the Protein Electrophoresis Test?
The protein electrophoresis test is a simple blood test. There are no special preparations required for the test. You can have your routine diet and carry on your regular activities prior to the test. It is important to consult with your doctor if you are taking any medications.
It is also recommended to wear half-sleeved cloth to the test for convenience. Sometimes protein electrophoresis urine tests may also be ordered.
What is the Procedure of the Protein Electrophoresis Test?
The procedure of the protein electrophoresis test is similar to that of any other blood test. A nurse will put a tight elastic band around your to make the veins swell. The area where the blood is to be drawn will be cleaned with a disinfectant liquid.
A needle will be injected into the vein to draw the blood which will be collected in a tube. A cotton ball will be used to put pressure on the puncture site to stop the bleeding after removing the needle. The collected blood sample will be then sent to the laboratory for further testing.
What Does the Protein Electrophoresis Test Result Mean?
The protein electrophoresis test separates the proteins into five subcategories. It looks for abnormalities in pattern and levels of albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, and Gama globulin.
The abnormality in each protein indicates various medical disorders such as kidney or liver disease, inflammation, dehydration, poor nutrition, immune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Your doctor will interpret the result and explains it to you.
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